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Valar more-curious!

WINTER:
Seasons of Westeros and the 3-body problem:
Other possible explanations for the seasons:
Why those other reasons are wrong:

NOTE ON MOONS AND STABILIZATION: I’m adding this comment after the video goes up: In retrospect I should have said that a moon doesn’t *necessarily* have to be present to stabilize a planet. While our moon does cancel out some tugging from the other planets in the solar system, here’s a recent paper shows that moonless planets can orbit with great stability even without the influence of a moon. Basically moons aren’t required for stability:

Even more reasons for the seasons:

GEOLOGY:
Generation Anthropocene’s AMAZING geologic history of Westeros and Essos:

VALYRIAN STEEL:
Damascus steel:

DRAGON FIRE:
Kyle Hill’s explanation for real-life dragon fire:

DRAGON FLIGHT:
Dragon-sized birds are biologically impossible:

WILDFIRE:
Greek fire:
Trimethyl borate flame by hkparker:

MILK OF POPPY:
Opates:

THE WALL:
Compression melting of ice:

DIRE WOLVES:
Canis dirus:

REAL-LIFE CHARACTERS:
Abandon all productivity ye who click here:
Stark/Lannister feud in real life tapestry:

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Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment below!

Follow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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Joe Hanson – Host and writer
Joe Nicolosi – Director
Amanda Fox – Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads – Associate Producer
Katie Graham – Director of Photography
Edited by Stephanie Noone and Kirby Conn from Arts & Labor
John Knudsen – Gaffer

Music:
“Ouroboros” by Kevin MacLeod

Produced by PBS Digital Studios:

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Last week’s video: Maternal Connections –

More videos:
The Far Future of the Universe –

The Science of Dust –
There Was No First Human –
How The Elements Got Their Names –

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49 COMMENTS

  1. I don't necessarily need my fantasy stories to agree 100% with established science, however I do expect them to have consistent rules. Eragon? [Check] Way of Kings? [Check] Mortal Instruments? [FAIL]

  2. having never seen the show (horrors!!), i found your video informative.
    but i don't know that picking apart intricate fantasies is the best use of science.
    this just seems to be the 21st century version of tolkien to me, and i never understood that obsession, either.
    or star wars or klingon dictionaries or… you get the point.
    leave the scientific debates about fictional worlds to the geeks and nerds.
    i need information i can use from you. please.

  3. The answer to winter is simple, the planet is like Earth, the seasons are normal too, the land mass is mostly on equator or is positioned similar to our Australia, making it so that there is no winter.
    Only cold weather is on the far north and the "winter is coming" is just another way of saying ice age will happen someday.
    We also had long winter (ice age) and it might come again, when, we dont know.
    This makes it very simple and no complicated theories are needed.

  4. Dude, there were flying dinosours as well, weren't there? There could be flying dragons as well, i dont know the physics, but we can fly an airplane, dragons have more strength than an airplane, it might not have an aerodynamic structure as good….

  5. airplanes and rockets are too big to fly but somehow the physics work. ppl who lack imagination need to stop trying to explain things with science. science doesn't answer questions, it creates them. how about this theory; blimps and hot air balloons fly with hot air, I'm sure a dragon is full of hot air…or some type of gas like helium of some other flammable liquids. and a dragons physiology may not be what science expects. ppl have a problem imposing their infantile beliefs on a massive world. science proves nothing definitively, nothing is 100â„… because you got to account for the anomaly…aka miracle… aka magic. like tyrion said, I trust my eyes and the eyes of the honest. we all know animals go extinct all the time. there are pictures and literary accounts of dragons. I haven't seen one but for a world without internet, similar drawings and cravings are found all around world…think about that

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